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Commonwealth Games also known as CWG is the second largest sports competition in the world after Olympics. It is held once in four years but only in between the Olympic years. Started in 1930, CWG was initially known by various names such as the British Empire Games, Friendly Games and British Commonwealth Games. Since 1978, they came to be known as the Commonwealth Games. A unique characteristic of the Commonwealth Games is that it is the only Games, which share a common language, English.
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The Commonwealth Games is a world-class multi-sport meet of athletes from around the world which is governed by Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF). Members of the Commonwealth of Nations that majorly formed a part of the British Empire during the colonial rule participate in it.
There are currently 54 members of the Commonwealth of Nations and around 71 countries participate in the Games every fourth year. The four constituent countries of the United Kingdom-England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland send separate teams to the Commonwealth Games.
The aim of CWG is to improve social cultural relationships and promotion of democracy and Human Rights. Hailed as “Non Political”, the Commonwealth is a voluntary association of independent sovereign countries that support each other and work towards shared goals in democracy and development.
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Its origin can be traced back to 1930 when the Games were held for the first time in the city of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada and saw the participation of 400 athletes from eleven countries. Reverend Ashley Cooper was the first person to propose the idea of having a Pan-Britannic sporting contest to foster a spirit of goodwill and understanding within the British Empire. In 1928, a key Canadian athlete, Bobby Robinson, was given the task of organizing the first ever Commonwealth Games.
Since then the CWG have enjoyed a smooth innings except for a 12 year hiatus during the World War II, as the Games in 1942 to be held in Montreal were cancelled. Originally having only single competition sports, the 1998 Commonwealth Games at Kuala Lumpur witnessed a major change when team sports such as cricket, hockey and netball made their first appearance.
In 2001, the three core values of Humanity, Equality and Destiny were adopted as the motto of the Commonwealth Games. These values inspire and connect thousands of people and signify the broad mandate for holding the Games within the Commonwealth.
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There are a total of 31 sports which have been approved to be a part of the Commonwealth Games. Out of these, the sports in the category of Core Sports are mandatory in all the Games.
The Core Sports are Athletics, Badminton, Boxing, Field Hockey, Lawn Bowls, Netball, Rugby Sevens, Squash, Swimming and Weightlifting. Apart from these, there are optional sports which are picked by the host country and seven Para sports.
The Optional Sports are Basketball, Cycling, Diving, Gymnastics, Judo, Shooting, Synchronized Swimming, Table Tennis, Tennis, Triathlon and Wrestling. Till now only six teams have attended every Commonwealth Games- Australia, Canada, England, New Zealand, Scotland and Wales.
Looking at the host countries the United Kingdom has hosted the Games for a record 5 times while Australia and Canada have hosted it four times each. The 2010 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XIX Commonwealth Games was held in the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, New Delhi, India. It was the largest international multi-sport event to be staged in India, eclipsing the Asian Games in 1951 and 1982. The official mascot of the Games was Shera and the official song of the Games, "Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto", was composed by celebrated music maestro A.R. Rahman. The motto for 2010 CWG was “Come Out and Play.”
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India’s performance in the games was outstanding and has become remarkable in the history of Indian Games. It is the first time for India that our Athletes brought highest number of Gold medals ever in any Commonwealth Games. Out of 826 medals India won 101, including 38 Gold, its highest ever, to be the second in tally behind Australia with a total of 177. We also brought home 27 Silver and 36 Bronze medals.
Krishna Poonia was undoubtedly the start of India’s victory spree at the Commonwealth Games by getting One Gold leading a clean sweep of Women’s Discus Throw. The second Gold was clinched in Women’s 4x400m relay. Three new national records were also made by Prajusha in Women’s tripla jump, Maheshwary in Men’s triple jump and by Men’s 4x400m relay team.
The record haul in Shooting was setup by the shooters, with Gagan Narang, bagging four Gold medals. Heena Sidhu and Annu Raj Singh also bagged Gold in 10m Air Pistol (Pairs) Shooting. An unforgettable winning by India was finally led by Badminton Player Saina Nehwal in Women’s Singles final when she had an unbeaten 4-0 record against her opponent; Malaysia’s Wong Mew Choo and won the Gold medal.
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The opening ceremony of the Commonwealth Games is a prestigious and important event. The Queens Baton Relay is a part of the opening tradition and has been a symbol of the Games since 1958. The Baton used in the 2010 CWG was made from Aluminium and Gold and had various features like capturing image and sound, storing messages sent by the people all over the world, GPS, and LEDs to represent the colour of the flag of the Nation which it is currently in. The Queens Baton relay is started by the nation who held the last Commonwealth Games. The final relay runner is the current host nation.
In 2014, the Commonwealth Games were held in Glasgow, Scotland for over 11 days commencing from 23rd July to 3rd August. In the games 71 nations will participate and 17 sports will be played.
In 2018, XXI Commonwealth Games (CWG) were held on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, between 4 and 15 April 2018 with Motto of Share the Dream and 4,426 athletes participated in 275 events in 19 sports.
Top 10 Medal Tally
India was on 3rd Position.
S.No. | Country | Total | |||
1 | Australia | 80 | 59 | 59 | 198 |
2 | England | 45 | 45 | 46 | 136 |
3 | India | 26 | 20 | 20 | 66 |
4 | Canada | 15 | 40 | 27 | 82 |
5 | New Zealand | 15 | 16 | 15 | 46 |
6 | South Africa | 13 | 11 | 13 | 37 |
7 | Wales | 10 | 12 | 14 | 36 |
8 | Scotland | 9 | 13 | 22 | 44 |
9 | Nigeria | 9 | 9 | 6 | 24 |
10 | Cyprus | 8 | 1 | 5 | 14 |
The 2022 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XXII Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Birmingham 2022, will be an international multi-sport event for members of the Commonwealth and CWG 2022 is scheduled to be held in Birmingham, England from 27 Jul 2022 – 7 Aug 2022
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